Na Julia Martin-Ortega, Brent Jacobs a me Dana Cordell

Me ka ʻole o ka phosphorus ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia, no ka mea, pono nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona a pau e ulu.E maʻalahi: inā ʻaʻohe phosphorus, ʻaʻohe ola.No laila, ʻo ka fertilizers-based phosphorus - ʻo ia ka "P" ma ka "NPK" fertilizer - ua lilo i mea koʻikoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana meaʻai honua.

Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka phosphorus mai ka pōhaku phosphate hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi hou ʻia, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ke ʻano hana.No laila, pono nā mea mahiʻai a pau e komo i laila, akā ʻo 85% o ke koena o ka pōhaku phosphate kiʻekiʻe o ka honua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻelima wale nō (ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea he "geopolitically complex"): Morocco, Kina, ʻAigupita, Algeria a me ʻApelika Hema.

He kanahiku pakeneka ma Morocco wale no.Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka ʻōnaehana meaʻai honua i nā pilikia i ka lako phosphorus i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai.No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 2008 ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai o nā mea kanu phosphate i 800%.

I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosphorus i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, mai kaʻu a hiki i ka mahiʻai.Holo aku ia mai ka aina mahiai aku i na muliwai a me na loko, e hoohaumia ana i ka wai e hiki ai ke pepehi i na i'a a me na meakanu, a e lilo ai ka wai i mea make ke inu.

Ma UK wale nō, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua o ka 174,000 tonnes o ka phosphate i lawe ʻia mai i hoʻohana pono ʻia e ulu i ka meaʻai, me nā ʻano like o ka phosphorus i ana ʻia a puni ka EU.No laila, ua hewa nā palena o ka honua (ka "wahi palekana") no ka nui o ka phosphorus i loko o nā ʻōnaehana wai.

Inā ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻololi maoli i ke ʻano o kā mākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosphorus, ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka lako e hoʻopilikia i ka pilikia meaʻai honua no ka mea ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina i nā mea kanu i lawe ʻia mai.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosphorus ma ke ala ʻoi aku ka naʻauao, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosphorus hou aʻe, e kōkua pū kekahi i nā kahawai a me nā loko.

Ke ʻike nei mākou i ke kolu o ka nui o ke kumukūʻai phosphate fertilizer spike i loko o 50 mau makahiki, mahalo i ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19, ʻo Kina (ka mea kūʻai aku nui loa) e kau ana i nā kumukūʻai hoʻoiho, a ʻo Rūsia (kekahi o nā mea hana ʻelima kiʻekiʻe) e pāpā ana i nā hoʻokuʻu aku a laila hoʻouka kaua iā Ukraine.Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, ua piʻi kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā mea kanu a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻonui ʻia i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki.Aia nō lākou i ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa mai ka makahiki 2008.