ʻO nā "bugs" maʻamau he whiteflies, aphids, psyllids, nā inike unahi a pēlā aku.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā "liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi" i nā mea hōʻeha nui i ka hana mahiʻai ma muli o ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ulu wikiwiki, a me ka fecundity ikaika.Ua lilo nā hiʻohiʻona i mea nānā a paʻakikī o ka hoʻokele mahiʻai.

He koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā "insects liʻiliʻi", a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.Pehea e koho ai i nā pesticides i ka hana mahiʻai a me ka hana e hoʻokō i ka hopena multiplier?

A laila, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono e koho i ka pesticide kūpono e like me nā ʻano o nā pest.

ʻO ka mea mua, ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka puncture a me nā pōʻino suction, pono e koho i kahi lāʻau me ka hana ʻōnaehana maikaʻi.

ʻO ka lua, no ka mea e hōʻeha nui ia i ka ʻiʻo hou (tenderness), pono e koho i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hana ʻōnaehana maikaʻi a me ka pale o ka ʻiʻo hou.

ʻO ke kolu, pinepine ia i ka pōʻino i ke kua o nā lau ʻai a me nā ʻāpana huna (huna).No laila, pono e koho i nā mea hana me ka permeability ikaika a me ka conduction bidirectional.

ʻO ka ʻehā, ma muli o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā hanauna a me nā ʻano pepeke like ʻole i ka manawa like, pono e koho i nā pesticides e hiki ke hoʻomalu i nā ʻano pepeke lehulehu.

Nui nā lāʻau pesticides no ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pepeke liʻiliʻi.I waena o lākou, ʻo nā huahana maʻamau ka nui o ka nicotine a me kā lākou pūhui, he nui nā palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa a me kahi mākeke nui.I kēia manawa, ʻo ia nā huahana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi maʻamau;ʻO nā huahana kiʻekiʻe he spirotetramat a me flonicamid., Dipropionate mea hoʻokahi a me nā huahana hui.Me kāna hana ovicidal kū hoʻokahi a me ka conductivity systemic bidirectional, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka spirotetramat i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pale, hiki ke hoʻomalu i nā pest huna, he ākea insecticidal spectrum, a he hopena mau loa.ikaika nui.